Chapter 2 Demographics and social characteristics

2.1 Burning Man attendence

2.1.1 Proportion of virgins

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2022
Virgin	38.6% (37.6%, 39.6%)	35.1% (34.2%, 36.1%)	35.8% (34.7%, 36.8%)	39.3% (37.9%, 40.7%)	36.2% (35.1%, 37.3%)	31.7% (30.6%, 32.8%)	25.9% (24.9%, 26.9%)	28.3% (27.2%, 29.5%)

2.1.2 Number of burns attended

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2022
Median Prior Burns Attended	1	2	1	1	1	1	2	3

2.2 Demographics

2.2.1 Age

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2022
Median Age	32	34	33	34	34	35	36	37

2.2.2 Current gender

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2022
Male	58.3% (57.3%, 59.2%)	58.2% (57.2%, 59.1%)	58.5% (57.5%, 59.6%)	56.8% (55.5%, 58.2%)	58.0% (56.9%, 59.1%)	58.7% (57.6%, 59.8%)	56.0% (54.9%, 57.2%)	54.3% (53.1%, 55.5%)
Female	40.1% (39.1%, 41.0%)	40.6% (39.7%, 41.6%)	39.5% (38.5%, 40.6%)	41.4% (40.1%, 42.7%)	40.4% (39.3%, 41.5%)	39.6% (38.5%, 40.7%)	42.0% (40.8%, 43.1%)	43.6% (42.4%, 44.8%)
Other identity	1.7% (1.4%, 2.0%)	1.2% (0.9%, 1.5%)	2.0% (1.6%, 2.4%)	1.8% (1.4%, 2.2%)	1.6% (1.4%, 1.9%)	1.7% (1.4%, 2.0%)	2.0% (1.7%, 2.4%)	2.1% (1.8%, 2.4%)

2.2.3 Sex assigned at birth

	2022
Male	55.9% (54.8%, 57.1%)
Female	44.0% (42.8%, 45.2%)
Intersex	< 0.1% (–, –)

2.2.4 Gender identity

	2022
Male	30.6% (29.5%, 31.8%)
Female	27.0% (25.9%, 28.0%)
Cisgender male	23.3% (22.3%, 24.4%)
Cisgender female	14.9% (14.1%, 15.7%)
Transgender female	1.8% (1.5%, 2.1%)
Non-binary	1.1% (0.9%, 1.3%)
Gender queer	0.5% (0.4%, 0.7%)
Transgender male	0.4% (0.3%, 0.6%)
Other	0.3% (0.2%, 0.5%)
Two-spirit	< 0.1% (–, –)

2.2.5 Chosen pronouns

	2022
He/him	53.5% (52.3%, 54.6%)
She/her	42.9% (41.7%, 44.1%)
They/them	4.1% (3.6%, 4.5%)
Other	2.2% (1.9%, 2.6%)

2.2.6 Personal income in 2021

	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2022
No income	3.3% (2.9%, 3.8%)	2.9% (2.5%, 3.5%)	3.0% (2.6%, 3.5%)	3.2% (2.8%, 3.7%)	2.3% (2.0%, 2.7%)	2.9% (2.5%, 3.3%)
Less than $7,500	5.3% (4.7%, 5.8%)	4.7% (4.1%, 5.3%)	3.9% (3.4%, 4.4%)	3.3% (2.9%, 3.8%)	3.2% (2.8%, 3.7%)	2.7% (2.4%, 3.2%)
$7,500-$14,999	6.8% (6.3%, 7.4%)	5.8% (5.2%, 6.5%)	6.4% (5.8%, 7.0%)	5.7% (5.2%, 6.3%)	4.7% (4.2%, 5.3%)	4.1% (3.6%, 4.6%)
$15,000-$24,999	9.4% (8.8%, 10.1%)	8.5% (7.7%, 9.3%)	8.3% (7.7%, 9.0%)	7.9% (7.3%, 8.6%)	7.1% (6.5%, 7.7%)	5.3% (4.8%, 5.9%)
$25,000-$34,999	9.6% (8.9%, 10.3%)	8.6% (7.9%, 9.4%)	8.6% (8.0%, 9.3%)	8.6% (7.9%, 9.2%)	7.3% (6.7%, 7.9%)	6.1% (5.5%, 6.7%)
$35,000-$49,999	12.3% (11.7%, 13.1%)	12.5% (11.6%, 13.4%)	12.3% (11.6%, 13.1%)	11.0% (10.3%, 11.7%)	10.5% (9.8%, 11.2%)	9.4% (8.7%, 10.1%)
$50,000-$74,999	16.9% (16.1%, 17.7%)	17.1% (16.1%, 18.2%)	17.4% (16.6%, 18.3%)	17.4% (16.5%, 18.3%)	17.2% (16.4%, 18.1%)	15.0% (14.2%, 15.9%)
$75,000-$99,999	12.5% (11.8%, 13.2%)	12.3% (11.5%, 13.2%)	12.8% (12.1%, 13.6%)	12.6% (11.9%, 13.4%)	13.4% (12.6%, 14.2%)	13.3% (12.5%, 14.2%)
$100,000-$149,999	12.9% (12.2%, 13.6%)	15.3% (14.3%, 16.2%)	14.1% (13.4%, 14.9%)	15.3% (14.5%, 16.1%)	16.7% (15.8%, 17.6%)	16.9% (16.0%, 17.8%)
$150,000-$299,000	8.1% (7.5%, 8.7%)	8.8% (8.1%, 9.6%)	9.5% (8.9%, 10.1%)	10.2% (9.5%, 10.9%)	12.2% (11.5%, 13.0%)	16.6% (15.7%, 17.5%)
$300,000 or more	2.9% (2.6%, 3.3%)	3.4% (2.9%, 3.9%)	3.6% (3.2%, 4.0%)	4.8% (4.3%, 5.3%)	5.2% (4.7%, 5.8%)	7.7% (7.1%, 8.4%)

2.2.7 Household income in 2021

	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2022
No income	1.3% (1.1%, 1.6%)	0.9% (0.6%, 1.3%)	1.3% (1.0%, 1.6%)	1.0% (0.7%, 1.3%)	0.8% (0.6%, 1.1%)	1.9% (1.6%, 2.3%)
Less than $7,500	2.1% (1.8%, 2.5%)	2.4% (2.0%, 2.9%)	2.0% (1.7%, 2.4%)	1.4% (1.2%, 1.8%)	1.4% (1.1%, 1.7%)	1.3% (1.1%, 1.6%)
$7,500-$14,999	3.7% (3.3%, 4.2%)	2.7% (2.3%, 3.2%)	3.3% (2.9%, 3.7%)	3.2% (2.8%, 3.7%)	2.5% (2.1%, 2.9%)	2.1% (1.8%, 2.5%)
$15,000-$24,999	5.1% (4.7%, 5.7%)	5.2% (4.6%, 5.9%)	4.5% (4.0%, 5.0%)	4.8% (4.3%, 5.4%)	4.2% (3.8%, 4.7%)	2.8% (2.4%, 3.3%)
$25,000-$34,999	6.1% (5.6%, 6.7%)	5.8% (5.2%, 6.5%)	5.4% (4.9%, 6.0%)	5.3% (4.8%, 5.8%)	4.5% (4.0%, 5.0%)	3.7% (3.3%, 4.2%)
$35,000-$49,999	9.0% (8.3%, 9.6%)	8.9% (8.1%, 9.7%)	9.3% (8.6%, 10.0%)	7.6% (7.0%, 8.2%)	7.2% (6.6%, 7.8%)	6.1% (5.5%, 6.7%)
$50,000-$74,999	14.5% (13.7%, 15.3%)	14.5% (13.5%, 15.5%)	14.0% (13.3%, 14.8%)	13.4% (12.6%, 14.2%)	12.5% (11.7%, 13.3%)	10.8% (10.0%, 11.5%)
$75,000-$99,999	14.1% (13.3%, 14.9%)	12.5% (11.6%, 13.4%)	12.7% (11.9%, 13.4%)	12.6% (11.9%, 13.4%)	12.5% (11.7%, 13.3%)	12.4% (11.6%, 13.2%)
$100,000-$149,999	18.8% (18.0%, 19.7%)	19.8% (18.7%, 20.9%)	19.4% (18.5%, 20.3%)	20.1% (19.2%, 21.0%)	20.3% (19.3%, 21.2%)	17.7% (16.8%, 18.7%)
$150,000-$299,000	17.9% (17.1%, 18.8%)	19.3% (18.3%, 20.4%)	18.7% (17.8%, 19.6%)	20.0% (19.1%, 20.9%)	21.4% (20.5%, 22.4%)	25.1% (24.1%, 26.2%)
$300,000 or more	7.3% (6.8%, 7.9%)	8.1% (7.4%, 8.8%)	9.5% (8.8%, 10.1%)	10.6% (9.9%, 11.4%)	12.8% (12.0%, 13.6%)	16.0% (15.1%, 16.9%)

2.2.8 Highest level of education completed

	2022
High school diploma or equivalent	26.2% (25.1%, 27.3%)
Some college	15.4% (14.5%, 16.2%)
Associate’s degree	8.6% (7.9%, 9.3%)
Bachelor’s degree	52.0% (50.8%, 53.3%)
Graduate degree (Master’s, Doctorate, or equivalent)	34.4% (33.3%, 35.6%)
Technical/vocational certification	7.9% (7.3%, 8.6%)
Other	1.1% (0.9%, 1.4%)
None of these	0.3% (0.2%, 0.4%)

2.3 Residence

2.3.1 Residence outside of Black Rock City

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2022
Within California	42.0% (41.1%, 43.0%)	43.7% (42.7%, 44.7%)	39.0% (38.0%, 40.1%)	37.5% (36.3%, 38.8%)	35.4% (34.4%, 36.5%)	37.3% (36.2%, 38.4%)	38.2% (37.1%, 39.4%)	38.1% (36.9%, 39.2%)
Within Nevada	5.3% (4.9%, 5.8%)	5.4% (5.0%, 5.9%)	5.0% (4.5%, 5.5%)	4.4% (3.9%, 4.9%)	4.3% (3.9%, 4.7%)	4.6% (4.1%, 5.1%)	4.4% (4.0%, 5.0%)	4.3% (3.9%, 4.8%)
Other location within U.S.	34.8% (33.8%, 35.7%)	35.7% (34.8%, 36.7%)	36.7% (35.6%, 37.7%)	37.6% (36.3%, 38.9%)	36.8% (35.7%, 37.9%)	39.1% (38.0%, 40.2%)	40.7% (39.5%, 41.9%)	41.5% (40.3%, 42.7%)
Within Canada	7.4% (6.9%, 8.0%)	4.9% (4.5%, 5.3%)	6.2% (5.7%, 6.7%)	6.6% (5.9%, 7.4%)	7.0% (6.4%, 7.7%)	6.2% (5.7%, 6.8%)	5.4% (4.9%, 5.9%)	4.4% (4.0%, 5.0%)
Other	10.5% (9.8%, 11.1%)	10.3% (9.7%, 10.9%)	13.1% (12.4%, 13.9%)	13.9% (12.8%, 15.0%)	16.5% (15.6%, 17.5%)	12.8% (12.0%, 13.6%)	11.3% (10.5%, 12.0%)	11.7% (10.9%, 12.5%)

2.4 Voting and politics

2.4.1 Number of times voted in last four Federal US elections

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2022
Did not vote	9.1% (8.5%, 9.9%)	9.1% (8.5%, 9.8%)	12.1% (11.2%, 12.9%)	13.0% (12.0%, 14.0%)	7.8% (7.1%, 8.6%)	8.7% (7.9%, 9.5%)	7.1% (6.4%, 7.9%)	4.1% (3.6%, 4.6%)
1 election	8.7% (8.2%, 9.3%)	8.9% (8.4%, 9.5%)	8.5% (7.9%, 9.1%)	5.9% (5.3%, 6.5%)	7.6% (7.0%, 8.2%)	7.1% (6.6%, 7.7%)	5.1% (4.6%, 5.6%)	5.3% (4.7%, 5.8%)
2 elections	11.2% (10.7%, 11.8%)	11.0% (10.4%, 11.6%)	10.6% (10.0%, 11.2%)	9.5% (8.8%, 10.3%)	9.3% (8.7%, 9.9%)	8.3% (7.7%, 8.9%)	7.6% (7.0%, 8.2%)	6.4% (5.8%, 7.0%)
3 elections	9.2% (8.8%, 9.8%)	9.6% (9.1%, 10.2%)	7.2% (6.7%, 7.8%)	5.5% (5.0%, 6.1%)	6.6% (6.1%, 7.1%)	6.7% (6.2%, 7.3%)	6.0% (5.5%, 6.6%)	12.5% (11.7%, 13.2%)
4 elections	39.0% (38.2%, 39.8%)	42.8% (41.9%, 43.7%)	36.9% (36.0%, 37.8%)	38.5% (37.4%, 39.6%)	39.2% (38.3%, 40.1%)	42.5% (41.5%, 43.4%)	50.3% (49.3%, 51.3%)	49.0% (48.0%, 50.0%)
Not eligible to vote	22.7% (21.8%, 23.6%)	18.5% (17.8%, 19.3%)	24.8% (23.8%, 25.7%)	27.6% (26.3%, 28.9%)	29.5% (28.4%, 30.6%)	26.7% (25.6%, 27.8%)	24.0% (22.9%, 25.0%)	22.8% (21.7%, 23.9%)

2.4.2 Political party affiliation

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2022
Democratic Party	33.5% (32.6%, 34.4%)	34.6% (33.6%, 35.5%)	31.4% (30.5%, 32.3%)	36.1% (34.9%, 37.4%)	51.7% (50.5%, 53.0%)	50.1% (48.9%, 51.4%)	57.0% (55.7%, 58.4%)	54.4% (53.1%, 55.8%)
Republican Party	5.2% (4.8%, 5.6%)	4.8% (4.4%, 5.2%)	4.4% (4.0%, 4.9%)	4.9% (4.4%, 5.5%)	5.4% (4.9%, 6.0%)	6.5% (5.8%, 7.2%)	5.8% (5.2%, 6.5%)	4.2% (3.7%, 4.7%)
Libertarian Party	3.7% (3.4%, 4.1%)	2.8% (2.5%, 3.1%)	3.0% (2.7%, 3.5%)	2.7% (2.3%, 3.2%)	4.1% (3.6%, 4.7%)	2.0% (1.8%, 2.3%)	2.3% (1.9%, 2.6%)	2.6% (2.1%, 3.2%)
Green Party	2.0% (1.8%, 2.3%)	2.2% (1.9%, 2.5%)	2.3% (2.0%, 2.7%)	2.2% (1.8%, 2.7%)	1.8% (1.5%, 2.1%)	4.0% (3.4%, 4.9%)	3.0% (2.4%, 3.8%)	3.0% (2.5%, 3.5%)
Other US Party	3.1% (2.8%, 3.6%)	2.8% (2.4%, 3.3%)	3.3% (2.8%, 3.9%)	3.6% (2.9%, 4.4%)	1.8% (1.4%, 2.2%)	1.4% (1.2%, 1.8%)	1.4% (1.0%, 1.8%)	1.7% (1.4%, 2.2%)
None or unaffiliated	29.7% (28.8%, 30.6%)	34.3% (33.4%, 35.3%)	30.7% (29.7%, 31.8%)	22.8% (21.8%, 23.9%)	35.1% (33.9%, 36.4%)	35.9% (34.6%, 37.2%)	30.5% (29.3%, 31.8%)	34.1% (32.8%, 35.4%)

2.4.3 Political views

	2019	2022
Liberal	32.4% (31.3%, 33.5%)	29.7% (28.6%, 30.8%)
Progressive	19.9% (19.0%, 20.8%)	20.3% (19.4%, 21.3%)
Socialist	8.4% (7.7%, 9.0%)	9.2% (8.5%, 9.9%)
Green	5.6% (5.1%, 6.2%)	5.0% (4.5%, 5.6%)
Centrist or moderate	8.8% (8.2%, 9.5%)	2.6% (2.2%, 3.0%)
Conservative	2.8% (2.5%, 3.2%)	2.5% (2.2%, 2.9%)
Libertarian	5.9% (5.3%, 6.5%)	5.6% (5.1%, 6.2%)
Anarchist	2.4% (2.0%, 2.8%)	3.6% (3.1%, 4.1%)
None or non-political	11.6% (10.8%, 12.4%)	10.1% (9.3%, 10.8%)
Other	2.3% (2.0%, 2.7%)	11.5% (10.7%, 12.3%)

2.5 Ethinicity and language

2.5.1 Ethnoracial background

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2022c
White (non-hispanic)	82.9% (82.1%, 83.6%)	81.1% (80.3%, 81.9%)	80.2% (79.3%, 81.1%)	79.1% (77.9%, 80.2%)	77.1% (76.1%, 78.1%)	76.6% (75.6%, 77.6%)	76.4% (75.4%, 77.4%)	80.5% (79.5%, 81.5%)
Hispanic/Latino	3.0% (2.7%, 3.3%)	4.1% (3.7%, 4.6%)	5.1% (4.6%, 5.6%)	4.4% (3.8%, 5.0%)	5.0% (4.5%, 5.6%)	5.4% (4.9%, 6.0%)	5.1% (4.6%, 5.7%)	9.6% (8.9%, 10.4%)
Asian	3.7% (3.4%, 4.1%)	3.9% (3.5%, 4.3%)	4.2% (3.8%, 4.7%)	5.7% (5.0%, 6.4%)	5.6% (5.1%, 6.2%)	5.8% (5.2%, 6.4%)	5.0% (4.5%, 5.6%)	8.0% (7.4%, 8.8%)
Middle Eastern or North Africana	–	–	–	–	1.5% (1.3%, 1.9%)	1.2% (1.0%, 1.5%)	1.6% (1.3%, 2.0%)	3.0% (2.6%, 3.5%)
Black (non-Hispanic)	0.9% (0.7%, 1.1%)	0.7% (0.6%, 0.9%)	0.7% (0.5%, 0.9%)	1.1% (0.8%, 1.4%)	1.0% (0.8%, 1.2%)	1.0% (0.8%, 1.3%)	1.1% (0.9%, 1.4%)	2.2% (1.9%, 2.6%)
Native American	0.5% (0.4%, 0.7%)	0.4% (0.3%, 0.6%)	0.4% (0.2%, 0.6%)	0.4% (0.2%, 0.5%)	0.5% (0.3%, 0.7%)	0.5% (0.3%, 0.7%)	0.4% (0.3%, 0.6%)	1.4% (1.2%, 1.7%)
Otherb	9.1% (8.5%, 9.7%)	9.7% (9.1%, 10.3%)	9.5% (8.8%, 10.1%)	9.4% (8.7%, 10.3%)	9.3% (8.6%, 10.0%)	9.4% (8.8%, 10.1%)	10.3% (9.6%, 11.1%)	3.3% (2.9%, 3.8%)
a Middle eastern was not an option in 2013-2016.
b The “other or mixed” option in 2013-2019 changed to “other” in 2022.
c In 2022 the format changed to allow users to select multiple options. While this improves our data collection, it unfortunately makes it impossible to make direct comparisons to previous years.

2.5.2 Self-identification as a person of color

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2022
No	83.6% (82.9%, 84.3%)	84.3% (83.6%, 85.0%)	84.7% (83.8%, 85.5%)	83.7% (82.6%, 84.7%)	84.7% (83.9%, 85.6%)	83.4% (82.5%, 84.3%)	83.7% (82.8%, 84.6%)	81.7% (80.7%, 82.6%)
Sometimes	9.1% (8.5%, 9.7%)	8.0% (7.4%, 8.6%)	7.5% (6.9%, 8.2%)	7.2% (6.5%, 8.0%)	5.8% (5.3%, 6.4%)	6.1% (5.6%, 6.7%)	5.7% (5.2%, 6.3%)	5.0% (4.5%, 5.6%)
Yes	7.3% (6.8%, 7.8%)	7.7% (7.2%, 8.3%)	7.8% (7.2%, 8.4%)	9.1% (8.3%, 10.0%)	9.4% (8.8%, 10.1%)	10.5% (9.8%, 11.2%)	10.5% (9.8%, 11.3%)	13.3% (12.5%, 14.2%)

2.5.3 First language learned

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2022
English	87.7% (87.1%, 88.3%)	83.6% (82.9%, 84.4%)	80.1% (79.2%, 81.1%)	78.1% (76.8%, 79.3%)	77.5% (76.4%, 78.5%)	78.1% (77.1%, 79.2%)	77.6% (76.5%, 78.6%)	77.3% (76.2%, 78.4%)
Spanish	1.7% (1.5%, 2.0%)	2.7% (2.4%, 3.1%)	3.4% (3.0%, 3.9%)	2.8% (2.4%, 3.4%)	3.8% (3.3%, 4.3%)	3.5% (3.1%, 4.1%)	4.0% (3.5%, 4.6%)	5.1% (4.5%, 5.8%)
French	1.7% (1.4%, 2.0%)	2.9% (2.5%, 3.2%)	2.9% (2.5%, 3.3%)	3.6% (3.0%, 4.2%)	3.5% (3.1%, 4.1%)	3.2% (2.8%, 3.7%)	3.4% (2.9%, 3.9%)	2.6% (2.1%, 3.1%)
German	1.3% (1.2%, 1.6%)	1.6% (1.3%, 1.8%)	2.3% (2.0%, 2.7%)	2.6% (2.2%, 3.2%)	2.4% (2.0%, 2.8%)	2.7% (2.3%, 3.1%)	2.3% (1.9%, 2.7%)	2.5% (2.1%, 2.9%)
Russian	1.6% (1.4%, 1.9%)	2.0% (1.7%, 2.3%)	2.3% (1.9%, 2.7%)	2.2% (1.8%, 2.7%)	2.6% (2.2%, 3.1%)	3.0% (2.5%, 3.4%)	2.9% (2.5%, 3.3%)	2.4% (2.0%, 2.9%)
Chinese	0.6% (0.5%, 0.7%)	0.7% (0.5%, 0.9%)	1.1% (0.9%, 1.4%)	1.1% (0.8%, 1.5%)	1.1% (0.9%, 1.4%)	1.3% (1.0%, 1.6%)	1.2% (0.9%, 1.5%)	1.1% (0.8%, 1.4%)
Portuguese	0.5% (0.3%, 0.6%)	0.6% (0.5%, 0.8%)	0.7% (0.5%, 0.9%)	0.8% (0.5%, 1.1%)	0.9% (0.7%, 1.2%)	0.8% (0.6%, 1.1%)	0.7% (0.5%, 1.0%)	1.0% (0.7%, 1.3%)
Dutch	0.9% (0.7%, 1.1%)	0.6% (0.5%, 0.8%)	0.9% (0.7%, 1.2%)	0.8% (0.6%, 1.2%)	1.2% (0.9%, 1.5%)	0.8% (0.6%, 1.0%)	0.7% (0.5%, 0.9%)	0.8% (0.6%, 1.1%)
Hebrew	0.7% (0.6%, 0.9%)	0.9% (0.7%, 1.1%)	0.9% (0.7%, 1.1%)	1.0% (0.7%, 1.4%)	0.8% (0.6%, 1.1%)	0.5% (0.4%, 0.7%)	0.8% (0.6%, 1.1%)	0.8% (0.6%, 1.0%)
Italian	0.3% (0.2%, 0.4%)	0.6% (0.5%, 0.8%)	0.6% (0.5%, 0.8%)	1.0% (0.7%, 1.4%)	0.6% (0.4%, 0.9%)	0.6% (0.5%, 0.9%)	0.9% (0.7%, 1.2%)	0.7% (0.5%, 1.0%)
Swedish	0.2% (0.2%, 0.4%)	0.3% (0.2%, 0.5%)	0.3% (0.2%, 0.4%)	0.6% (0.4%, 0.9%)	0.4% (0.2%, 0.6%)	0.4% (0.2%, 0.6%)	0.4% (0.3%, 0.6%)	0.6% (0.4%, 0.8%)
Farsi	0.2% (0.1%, 0.2%)	0.2% (0.1%, 0.3%)	0.4% (0.2%, 0.6%)	0.5% (0.3%, 0.7%)	0.4% (0.3%, 0.6%)	0.3% (0.2%, 0.5%)	0.6% (0.4%, 0.8%)	0.4% (0.2%, 0.6%)
Arabic	0.1% (0.1%, 0.2%)	0.2% (0.1%, 0.4%)	0.4% (0.3%, 0.6%)	0.2% (0.1%, 0.5%)	0.4% (0.3%, 0.7%)	0.3% (0.2%, 0.5%)	0.3% (0.2%, 0.6%)	0.4% (0.2%, 0.6%)
Polish	0.2% (0.1%, 0.2%)	0.4% (0.3%, 0.5%)	0.4% (0.3%, 0.6%)	0.4% (0.3%, 0.7%)	0.4% (0.3%, 0.6%)	0.4% (0.3%, 0.6%)	0.3% (0.2%, 0.5%)	0.3% (0.2%, 0.5%)
Hindi	0.1% (0.1%, 0.2%)	0.2% (0.1%, 0.3%)	0.2% (0.1%, 0.3%)	0.2% (0.1%, 0.4%)	0.3% (0.2%, 0.4%)	0.1% (0.1%, 0.3%)	0.1% (0.1%, 0.3%)	0.3% (0.1%, 0.5%)
Danish	0.1% (0.1%, 0.2%)	0.1% (0.1%, 0.2%)	< 0.1% (–, –)	0.1% (0.1%, 0.3%)	0.1% (0.1%, 0.3%)	< 0.1% (–, –)	< 0.1% (–, –)	0.1% (0.1%, 0.3%)
Romanian	0.1% (0.1%, 0.2%)	0.2% (0.1%, 0.3%)	0.1% (0.1%, 0.3%)	0.1% (0.1%, 0.3%)	0.1% (0.1%, 0.2%)	0.1% (0.1%, 0.3%)	0.2% (0.1%, 0.4%)	0.1% (0.1%, 0.3%)
Tagalog	< 0.1% (–, –)	0.2% (0.1%, 0.3%)	< 0.1% (–, –)	0.2% (0.1%, 0.5%)	< 0.1% (–, –)	0.1% (0.1%, 0.3%)	< 0.1% (–, –)	0.1% (0.1%, 0.3%)
Punjabi	< 0.1% (–, –)	< 0.1% (–, –)	< 0.1% (–, –)	< 0.1% (–, –)	< 0.1% (–, –)	0.1% (0.1%, 0.2%)	< 0.1% (–, –)	0.1% (0.0%, 0.3%)
Japanese	0.1% (0.1%, 0.2%)	0.2% (0.1%, 0.4%)	0.1% (0.1%, 0.3%)	0.1% (0.1%, 0.3%)	0.2% (0.1%, 0.3%)	0.2% (0.1%, 0.4%)	0.1% (0.1%, 0.2%)	0.1% (0.1%, 0.2%)
Norwegian	0.1% (0.1%, 0.2%)	< 0.1% (–, –)	0.1% (0.1%, 0.2%)	0.2% (0.1%, 0.3%)	0.1% (0.1%, 0.3%)	0.1% (0.1%, 0.3%)	0.2% (0.1%, 0.3%)	< 0.1% (–, –)
Urdu	< 0.1% (–, –)	< 0.1% (–, –)	< 0.1% (–, –)	< 0.1% (–, –)	0.1% (0.1%, 0.3%)	0.1% (0.1%, 0.3%)	< 0.1% (–, –)	< 0.1% (–, –)
Other	1.5% (1.3%, 1.8%)	1.8% (1.5%, 2.1%)	2.6% (2.2%, 3.0%)	3.1% (2.6%, 3.7%)	3.0% (2.6%, 3.5%)	3.0% (2.6%, 3.5%)	3.2% (2.7%, 3.7%)	3.2% (2.8%, 3.8%)

2.6 Spirituality

2.6.1 How do you describe your spirituality?

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2022
Spiritual, but not religious	49.2% (48.3%, 50.2%)	50.4% (49.4%, 51.4%)	45.7% (44.6%, 46.8%)	46.5% (45.1%, 47.8%)	46.3% (45.2%, 47.5%)	46.6% (45.4%, 47.7%)	47.7% (46.5%, 48.8%)	47.7% (46.5%, 48.9%)
Atheist	21.9% (21.1%, 22.7%)	21.3% (20.5%, 22.1%)	24.0% (23.1%, 25.0%)	24.8% (23.7%, 26.0%)	24.5% (23.5%, 25.5%)	23.2% (22.2%, 24.2%)	22.2% (21.2%, 23.2%)	23.2% (22.2%, 24.3%)
Agnostic	15.5% (14.8%, 16.2%)	14.6% (13.9%, 15.3%)	15.9% (15.1%, 16.7%)	14.7% (13.8%, 15.7%)	15.2% (14.4%, 16.0%)	15.7% (14.9%, 16.6%)	16.3% (15.5%, 17.2%)	16.3% (15.4%, 17.2%)
Religious	6.3% (5.8%, 6.8%)	5.5% (5.0%, 5.9%)	5.5% (5.0%, 6.0%)	6.1% (5.4%, 6.8%)	5.5% (5.0%, 6.1%)	5.4% (4.9%, 6.0%)	5.7% (5.2%, 6.3%)	5.4% (4.8%, 5.9%)
Deist	0.8% (0.6%, 1.0%)	0.8% (0.7%, 1.0%)	0.9% (0.8%, 1.2%)	0.8% (0.6%, 1.2%)	0.9% (0.7%, 1.2%)	0.7% (0.5%, 0.9%)	0.7% (0.5%, 0.9%)	0.4% (0.3%, 0.6%)
I don’t know	6.3% (5.8%, 6.9%)	7.4% (6.9%, 8.0%)	8.0% (7.4%, 8.6%)	7.1% (6.4%, 7.8%)	7.5% (6.9%, 8.2%)	8.4% (7.8%, 9.1%)	7.4% (6.8%, 8.0%)	6.9% (6.3%, 7.6%)

2.6.2 Religion or religious denomination

	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2022
No religion	71.5% (70.6%, 72.4%)	71.3% (70.2%, 72.2%)	71.5% (70.3%, 72.7%)	71.7% (70.7%, 72.7%)	73.0% (72.0%, 74.0%)	72.2% (71.2%, 73.3%)	74.1% (73.0%, 75.2%)
Jewish	6.6% (6.1%, 7.1%)	6.5% (6.0%, 7.1%)	6.4% (5.8%, 7.1%)	6.0% (5.5%, 6.6%)	6.0% (5.5%, 6.5%)	6.4% (5.9%, 7.0%)	6.8% (6.2%, 7.4%)
Catholic	6.1% (5.7%, 6.6%)	7.1% (6.6%, 7.8%)	7.0% (6.3%, 7.8%)	7.0% (6.4%, 7.6%)	6.8% (6.2%, 7.4%)	6.5% (6.0%, 7.2%)	5.4% (4.8%, 6.0%)
Protestant	2.1% (1.8%, 2.3%)	2.3% (2.0%, 2.7%)	2.6% (2.2%, 3.1%)	2.7% (2.3%, 3.1%)	2.3% (2.0%, 2.7%)	3.6% (3.1%, 4.0%)	2.9% (2.5%, 3.3%)
Other Christian	3.8% (3.4%, 4.2%)	4.0% (3.6%, 4.5%)	4.6% (4.1%, 5.2%)	4.1% (3.7%, 4.6%)	4.1% (3.7%, 4.6%)	2.4% (2.1%, 2.8%)	2.3% (1.9%, 2.7%)
Buddhist	2.2% (1.9%, 2.5%)	1.8% (1.5%, 2.1%)	1.9% (1.6%, 2.3%)	1.9% (1.6%, 2.2%)	1.9% (1.6%, 2.2%)	1.3% (1.1%, 1.6%)	1.4% (1.2%, 1.8%)
Pagan	1.4% (1.2%, 1.7%)	1.2% (0.9%, 1.4%)	1.2% (1.0%, 1.6%)	1.4% (1.2%, 1.7%)	1.3% (1.1%, 1.6%)	1.6% (1.3%, 1.9%)	1.3% (1.1%, 1.6%)
Pastafarian	1.6% (1.4%, 1.9%)	1.6% (1.3%, 1.9%)	1.1% (0.8%, 1.3%)	1.2% (1.0%, 1.5%)	1.2% (1.0%, 1.5%)	0.8% (0.6%, 1.1%)	0.6% (0.4%, 0.8%)
Hindu	0.4% (0.3%, 0.5%)	0.5% (0.3%, 0.7%)	0.7% (0.5%, 1.0%)	0.4% (0.3%, 0.7%)	0.5% (0.3%, 0.7%)	0.5% (0.3%, 0.7%)	0.6% (0.4%, 0.9%)
Muslim	0.3% (0.2%, 0.5%)	0.5% (0.3%, 0.7%)	0.6% (0.4%, 0.9%)	0.6% (0.4%, 0.8%)	0.5% (0.3%, 0.7%)	0.5% (0.4%, 0.8%)	0.6% (0.4%, 0.9%)
Other	4.1% (3.7%, 4.5%)	3.2% (2.8%, 3.6%)	2.3% (1.9%, 2.7%)	3.0% (2.6%, 3.4%)	2.5% (2.1%, 2.9%)	4.1% (3.6%, 4.6%)	4.0% (3.5%, 4.5%)

2.7 Disabilities

2.7.1 Identify with a disability status

	2022
Sensory impairment	3.4% (3.0%, 3.8%)
Learning disability	6.6% (6.1%, 7.3%)
Long-term medical illness	2.8% (2.4%, 3.2%)
Long-term mental health condition	12.7% (11.9%, 13.5%)
Mobility impairment	1.6% (1.4%, 1.9%)
Sensory processing or integration disorder	0.9% (0.7%, 1.1%)
Temporary impairment resulting from illness or injury	1.9% (1.6%, 2.3%)
Disability not listed	1.7% (1.4%, 2.0%)
Do not identify with a disability or impairment	71.3% (70.2%, 72.4%)

2.8 Sexuality

2.8.1 Sexual orientation

	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2022c
Heterosexual or straight	68.5% (67.6%, 69.4%)	67.6% (66.7%, 68.5%)	66.5% (65.4%, 67.5%)	66.5% (65.2%, 67.7%)	66.5% (65.5%, 67.6%)	65.9% (64.8%, 66.9%)	64.9% (63.7%, 66.0%)	60.4% (59.2%, 61.6%)
Bisexual or pansexual	8.3% (7.7%, 8.9%)	9.3% (8.8%, 9.9%)	9.5% (8.8%, 10.2%)	9.7% (8.9%, 10.5%)	10.1% (9.5%, 10.8%)	10.7% (10.0%, 11.4%)	12.4% (11.7%, 13.2%)	15.0% (14.2%, 15.9%)
Bicurious or heteroflexible	11.0% (10.4%, 11.6%)	11.1% (10.4%, 11.7%)	11.2% (10.6%, 11.9%)	11.7% (10.9%, 12.6%)	11.0% (10.3%, 11.7%)	11.2% (10.5%, 11.9%)	10.8% (10.1%, 11.5%)	10.3% (9.6%, 11.1%)
Gay, lesbian, or homosexual	7.2% (6.7%, 7.7%)	7.1% (6.6%, 7.6%)	7.8% (7.2%, 8.4%)	7.8% (7.2%, 8.6%)	8.5% (7.9%, 9.1%)	8.1% (7.5%, 8.7%)	8.3% (7.7%, 9.0%)	8.7% (8.0%, 9.4%)
Asexual	0.4% (0.3%, 0.6%)	0.2% (0.2%, 0.4%)	0.5% (0.3%, 0.7%)	0.4% (0.2%, 0.6%)	0.5% (0.3%, 0.7%)	0.5% (0.4%, 0.7%)	0.4% (0.3%, 0.6%)	2.5% (2.1%, 2.9%)
Demi-sexual	< 0.1% (–, –)	< 0.1% (–, –)	< 0.1% (–, –)	< 0.1% (–, –)	< 0.1% (–, –)	< 0.1% (–, –)	< 0.1% (–, –)	0.3% (0.2%, 0.5%)
Refuse labels	4.7% (4.2%, 5.2%)	4.7% (4.3%, 5.2%)	4.6% (4.1%, 5.1%)	3.9% (3.4%, 4.5%)	3.4% (3.0%, 3.8%)	3.7% (3.3%, 4.2%)	3.2% (2.8%, 3.7%)	1.5% (1.2%, 1.8%)
Other	< 0.1% (–, –)	< 0.1% (–, –)	< 0.1% (–, –)	< 0.1% (–, –)	< 0.1% (–, –)	< 0.1% (–, –)	< 0.1% (–, –)	1.3% (1.1%, 1.6%)
a ‘Demi-sexual’ and ‘Other’ choices were only shown in 2022.

2.8.2 Sexuality labels

	2022
Open/curious	27.8% (26.7%, 28.9%)
Kinkster or BDSM participant	17.6% (16.7%, 18.5%)
Queer	13.6% (12.8%, 14.4%)
Sex/love addict	7.0% (6.3%, 7.6%)
Swinger	4.7% (4.2%, 5.2%)
Gray-sexual or demisexual	3.0% (2.6%, 3.4%)
Sex worker	1.2% (1.0%, 1.5%)
Other	2.5% (2.1%, 2.8%)

2.9 Relationships

2.9.1 Romantic Orientation

	2022
Hetero-romantic	68.9% (67.7%, 70.0%)
Bi-romantic or Pan-romantic	12.6% (11.8%, 13.4%)
Homo-romantic	8.4% (7.7%, 9.1%)
Demi-romantic	2.6% (2.2%, 3.0%)
Aromantic	0.4% (0.2%, 0.5%)
Can’t label	6.0% (5.4%, 6.6%)
Other	1.2% (1.0%, 1.5%)

2.9.2 Partner in the default world

	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2022
No, I am not in a relationship	36.1% (35.1%, 37.2%)	35.9% (34.6%, 37.3%)	36.0% (34.9%, 37.1%)	34.4% (33.3%, 35.5%)	33.0% (31.9%, 34.1%)	25.6% (24.5%, 26.7%)
Yes, and we are not married	32.7% (31.7%, 33.8%)	31.4% (30.1%, 32.6%)	31.1% (30.1%, 32.2%)	31.7% (30.7%, 32.8%)	29.7% (28.6%, 30.8%)	36.8% (35.6%, 38.0%)
Yes, and we are married	22.7% (21.8%, 23.5%)	25.3% (24.1%, 26.4%)	25.4% (24.5%, 26.3%)	26.8% (25.8%, 27.8%)	30.3% (29.3%, 31.4%)	31.0% (29.9%, 32.1%)
It’s complicated	8.5% (7.9%, 9.1%)	7.5% (6.8%, 8.2%)	7.5% (6.9%, 8.1%)	7.1% (6.5%, 7.7%)	7.0% (6.4%, 7.6%)	6.6% (6.0%, 7.2%)

2.9.3 Relationship labels

	2022
Monogamous	55.2% (54.0%, 56.4%)
Mostly monogamous	21.0% (20.1%, 22.0%)
Polyamorous	13.3% (12.5%, 14.1%)
Ethical non-monogamous	12.2% (11.5%, 13.0%)
Open	11.7% (10.9%, 12.5%)
Solo polyamorous	3.4% (3.0%, 3.9%)
Relationship anarchist	3.4% (3.0%, 3.9%)
Serial monogamous	2.8% (2.5%, 3.2%)
Don’t ask, don’t tell	2.4% (2.1%, 2.8%)
Power dynamic relationship	1.2% (1.0%, 1.5%)
Unicorn polyamorous	1.1% (0.9%, 1.4%)
Non-concensual non-monogamy	1.0% (0.8%, 1.2%)
Polyfidelity	0.5% (0.4%, 0.7%)
Polygamy	0.5% (0.3%, 0.7%)
Other	1.3% (1.0%, 1.6%)